STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY RAILWAY. HISTORY ANALYSIS

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive historical analysis of the stages of formation and development of urban railway transport as an important element of urban infrastructure. The prerequisites for the formation of urban railways in the context of industrialization and the growth of the urban population, the features of designing and constructing the first lines, and the evolution of organizational and managerial mechanisms for the functioning of the system are considered. Special attention is paid to the transformation of urban railway communication in the XX-XXI centuries, the introduction of modern technologies, increasing the capacity and role of railway transport in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of cities. The article analyzes the historical patterns of urban railway development using the example of the world's largest transport systems, such as London, Paris, Berlin, and Tashkent, which allows for the identification of common trends and national characteristics in the modernization of the urban railway network. The strategic importance of urban railway transport in shaping modern transport policy and sustainable development of megacities has been concluded.